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Largest Native American Dictionary, New Lakota Dictionary, Unveiled

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Indian Gaming | December 23, 2022

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Deputy Director Alex FireThunder (left) with first language speaker Robert Two Crow (right) at the New Lakota Dictionary unveiling.

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KYLE, SD – The Lakota Language Consortium (LLC) has released the New Lakota Dictionary and an accompanying free app that enables Lakota speakers of all ages to hear the language spoken.

Native American languages have experienced declines at alarming rates, however, the Lakota people and linguists took action more than 20 years ago to start documenting the language out of concern for further decline. Accelerating the issue, the last generation of first language speakers are largely now in their seventies, and soon, younger generations won’t have access to their collective knowledge and wisdom.

“When it comes to preserving our language, the New Lakota Dictionary is a game-changer in so many ways,” said Alex FireThunder, Deputy Director of LLC. “It is an essential tool in how we can ensure our language is passed down from one generation to the next. The dictionary honors our ancestors and speakers and enables them to share our beautiful language with the next generation in a profound and enduring way.”

The New Lakota Dictionary was inspired by the early work of the first trained Lakota linguist, Ella Deloria, and was developed from the transcription of narratives and conversations with first language speakers. LLC used a rigorous method to corroborate words and phrases, resulting in a monumental encyclopedia, not only of language, but also of culture. Linguists used technology and software to accelerate the process as well as the creation of apps and other accessible tools.

“The New Lakota Dictionary exponentially expands the breadth and depth with which people can now express themselves in Lakota,” said Wil Meya, Executive Director of Lakota Language Consortium. “It demonstrates the power of technology, which enables us to fast forward the work, and art, of language preservation and revitalization. The app itself holds enormous power to connect youth with their heritage and vibrant Native language.”

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Mobile App to Preserve Lakota Language for Future Generations

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The Lakota Language Consortium released a new edition of its dictionary in an overhauled mobile app intended for use in Lakota reservation schools, as well as schools with a large Lakota community.

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Giovanni Albanese | Government Technology | December 22, 2022

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Looking to bring cultural tradition to a new generation through technology, a Native American nonprofit that works to preserve the language and culture of its people released a new digital edition of its dictionary through an overhauled version of its mobile app.

The hope of the New Lakota Dictionary — its third edition, first published in 2008 and again in 2011 — and the free accompanying app is to enable primarily the youth Lakota speakers to hear the language, thus preserving it for future generations, the South Dakota-based Lakota Language Consortium (LLC) said Monday in a news release.

The release said that the dictionary and app arrive at a time when the Lakota language, and Native American tongues as a whole, have been on a steep decline, dating back to the 1950s. Now, native speakers in their 70s and the Lakota youth aren’t getting the knowledge to continue the culture, the release said.

“The main goal is to make this reference tool accessible to Lakota language teachers and students in the schools in Lakota communities, as well as to autodidactic learners of the language,” LLC Deputy Director Alex FireThunder told Government Technology in an email. “This is the primary pedagogical material that educators and learners need for learning the language and helping to revitalize it.”

FireThunder, who also serves as an Oglala Lakota language instructor, said the dictionary uses consistent phonemic orthography, and unlike previous dictionaries, it is based entirely on authentic discourse recorded from native speakers. Native speakers were involved in the creation of glosses, definitions, translations of example sentences, as well as other parts of entries. Features of the layout and content match those of the most recent dictionaries for the world’s largest languages, he said. The new edition has 41,000 total entries, up from 23,000 in the second edition.

The app first launched in 2014 but received a complete overhaul as part of the new dictionary release. It uses lemmatization, which groups together different forms of the same word so the user can look up any of them in the same entry, and includes functions for searching for complex word forms within example sentences, comprehensive conjugation charts, recordings of native speakers pronouncing the entry words, and a full text search of more than 50,000 sentences, according to FireThunder.

He said the dictionaries, apps and software will be used in Lakota reservation schools, as well as schools with a large Lakota community, such as Rapid City and Sioux Falls in South Dakota, and Denver, Colo. He added that LLC needed to update the dictionary because previous versions were unreliable and inadequate.

“The main problems with the dictionaries had to do with inconsistent spelling and the use of non-phonemic orthographies — writing systems that do not sufficiently reflect the pronunciation,” FireThunder said. “Previous dictionaries didn’t gloss or define many words correctly and didn’t provide adequate coverage of the lexicon. None of the older Lakota dictionaries of significant size were actually done in close collaboration with native speakers.”

FireThunder said that many of the K-12 schools throughout Lakota country and in urban settings have made Lakota language education a priority, with some aiming to implement Lakota as the primary language of instruction. Most of the higher education institutions, colleges and universities in the state of South Dakota offer Lakota language courses, FireThunder said. He is confident the language and culture of the Lakota people will reach students from elementary schools through higher education.

“There continue to be challenges to language work within the education system, but there are many educators and administrators who are putting in the work to ensure that the language reaches our students,” he said.

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New Lakota Dictionary contains over 20,000 new entries

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Lee Strubinger | SDPB | December 16, 2022

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Lakota Language Consortium Deputy Director Alex FireThunder holds the new edition of Lakota Dictionary

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The Lakota Language consortium is debuting a new edition of its New Lakota Dictionary.

This third edition contains 20,000 more entries than its predecessor.

The previous New Lakota Dictionary was published over a decade ago.

Alex FireThunder is Oglala Lakota and the Deputy Director of the Lakota Language Consortium. He says Lakota is a living language and continues to evolve.

“We’ll continue to develop new words for things that we have in our life. There’s a word for cell phone. There’s a word for computer. There’s a word for car,” FireThunder said. “A lot of words that we consider old words were new words at one time. A word for wagon, clocks, those are all pretty old words that were coined by our ancestors.”

The language of the Oceti Sakowin is an oral language, meaning it was never written down until the 1800s. FireThuder says other words and phrases had been around for generations and are only now being documented.

“I found this word in an old rabbit dance song, it says ‘imacuka,’ and that’s conjugated to the first person. The third person would be ‘icuka,'” FireThunder said. “It means to have a taking or a liking for somebody. That was in an old love song.”

Many children fluent Lakota/Dakota and Nakota were chided for speaking their language during the boarding school era. Most fluent speakers are now elders.

FireThunder said he wants to see the dictionary get put to good use.

“My hope is that these words leave these pages,” FireThunder said. “These words are here for everybody to access. But, my hope is that they use them. Use them and speak them. Speak the life into them.”

The Lakota Language Consortium is also announcing new changes to its language app, which they hope will entice the younger generation to communicate with elders.

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Preserving Lakȟótiyapi: Consortium unveils updated Lakota dictionary

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Nathan Thompson | Rapid City Journal | December 15, 2022

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The Lakota Language Consortium handed out free copies of the updated New Lakota Dictionary on Thursday afternoon at Prairie Edge in Rapid City. The dictionary has 20,000 more entries than the previous version and is now the largest dictionary in North America.

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A goal of connecting Lakota youth to the cultural ties of language took a giant step forward Thursday with the unveiling of an updated version of the New Lakota Dictionary at Prairie Edge in downtown Rapid City.

The updated dictionary took years of collaboration with Lakota language experts and Elders, and includes 20,000 more entries than the former edition. More than 400 people contributed to produce the dictionary. The New Lakota Dictionary’s third edition is now the largest Native American dictionary in North America.

Lakota Language Consortium’s goal is to preserve Lakȟótiyapi, the Lakota language, for generations to come. The consortium’s Executive Director Will Meya said the new dictionary is a game-changer in that effort.

“Building a dictionary is fundamentally a community effort, a team effort — something that was started over 30 years ago by some dedicated learners and community members,” Meya said. “We’re just continuing on that same legacy of sharing that has been happening for the last 30 years. There are over 400 contributors to this dictionary and each one of them were trying to leave a legacy for their children and grandchildren.”

LLC’s Deputy Director Alex FireThunder, who is Oglala, said he didn’t grow up speaking Lakȟótiyapi as a first language, but knew some words. He said his mother’s first language was Lakȟótiyapi, but she didn’t teach him and his siblings how to actually speak it.

FireThunder said he was always drawn to the Lakota songs that surrounded cultural ceremonies as a wacipi (powwow) dancer.

“I knew songs but I always wanted to know what they are about and fully understand the songs,” he said. “That was one of my biggest inspirations to begin my own learning journey as a young adult.”

Ten years later, FireThunder said he has been actively speaking and learning Lakȟótiyapi, with the goal of becoming “the best Lakota speaker that I can be.” That passion drives FireThunder with his two young sons, who now speak Lakȟótiyapi as their first language.

FireThunder said the work of the New Lakota Dictionary helped him with the goal of teaching Lakȟótiyapi to his sons as their primary language.

“There are many times my three-year-old son will point at something and ask me what it is in Lakota. Most of the time I know, but in instances where I don’t, I can look it up on my phone and speak it,” he said.

FireThunder said the majority of Lakȟótiyapi first-speakers are typically Elders in their 70s and the language has not been passed down to younger generations. He said that is beginning to change and the updated dictionary will be a vital part in the effort.

“We’re starting to see a lot of young passionate people dedicated to learning the language and teaching the language. We’re seeing a lot of young teachers teaching in the schools,” FireThunder said. “I just saw a room full of young children excited with their families there to support them at the language school.”

Ben Black Bear, Sičháŋǧu Lakȟóta, is the vice chairman of the Lakota Language Consortium. After leading a blessing to Creator in Lakȟótiyapi at Thursday’s unveiling, Black Bear said in the past the use of the Lakota language was used against Indigenous people to “force civilization.”

“If they’re trying to assimilate us, why didn’t they use our language to civilize us? They would have been a lot more successful instead of trying to teach us English and trying to civilize us at the same time using English,” Black Bear said.

“Lakota language is very important and significant. If we used our language to learn about white people and we were allowed to communicate everything new that we’re experiencing in our language — our language would have advanced and we as a people would have advanced a lot quicker than we did.”

Black Bear said the cultural meanings behind Lakota words are very different than English and had different values in Lakota life. He said preserving the language for future generations will bring meaning and understanding back to the Lakota and enhance communication with non-Indigenous people.

“That’s why I got involved in teaching the language and especially developing the language itself, and this is a huge effort,” Black Bear said. “When I first started out all we had were missionary dictionaries, and they were inaccurate and our spelling wasn’t that consistent and there were all kinds of problems… this is the best dictionary that you can find to date.”

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Lakota Language Consortium updates dictionary

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Thousands of new undocumented entries are in the 3rd edition

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Kayla Henderson | KEVN | December 15, 2022

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RAPID CITY, S.D. (KEVN) – The Lakota Language Consortium has launched their 3rd edition of the Lakota language dictionary with 21,000 more undocumented entries compared to the first edition.

“In the 1800s, it began to be written down, but in recent years the number of our speakers has been declining; the language haven’t been passed on to many of our younger people in most of our families and our households,” said Deputy Director Alex Fire Thunder of Lakota Language Consortium.

In the U.S., English is the standard language, and as times go on, some native languages are disappearing.

“A lot of the kids are coming to schools basically as English as their first language. Language haven’t been spoken in most homes since the 1950s. And of course, you know Lakota language; you know it embeds the culture. It has all of the songs, prayers, and stories, so when you’re learning language, you’re also learning culture,” said Executive Director Wil Meya of Lakota Language Consortium.

Fire Thunder says Lakota Language was embedded in his family lineage, and he wanted to learn and study the language ten years ago to continue the tradition.

“I raise my sons as first language speakers too. The youngest is not speaking yet, but he understands Lakota, and one of the most heart warming thing for me is to see my son being able to speak with his grandma in both of their first language being Lakota,”said Fire Thunder.

Not only does the LLC have a physical copy of the 3rd edition dictionary, but an App that can help translate English to Lakota.

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“Another step in the right direction”: Lakota Language Consortium release third edition of the New Lakota Dictionary

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Mackenzie Dahlberg | NewsCenter1 | December 15, 2022

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RAPID CITY, S.D. – The Lakota Language Consortium (LLC) released the third edition of the New Lakota Dictionary Thursday at Prairie Edge.

With 21,000 previously undocumented words, this dictionary is the largest of its kind in North America.

More than 400 fluent native speakers were interview by LLC for the new dictionary.

“We are doing all that we can. All hands on deck to keep out language alive,” Alex FireThunder, Deputy Director of the Lakota Language Consortium, said. “Our fluent speakers are all getting older. A lot of them have sadly passed away in the last five to 10 years, especially in the last couple of years with the COVID pandemic.”

“We are doing all that we can. All hands on deck to keep out language alive,” Alex FireThunder, Deputy Director of the Lakota Language Consortium, said. “Our fluent speakers are all getting older. A lot of them have sadly passed away in the last five to 10 years, especially in the last couple of years with the COVID pandemic.”

“Due to a lot of other factors and reasons, the language hasn’t been transferred from generation to generation,” FireThunder said. “There’s a lot of purposeful efforts that have you know, though colonialism. It’s an ongoing fight to keep our language alive. So this dictionary and the addition of these previously undocumented words, it’s just another step in the right direction to ensuring their language continues to be passed on and to be spoke, to be learned, to be used.”

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‘Keep that fire going:’ Nonprofit aims to preserve Lakota language and culture

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Lakota Language Consortium hosts two-day class in Denver

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Colette Bordelon | Denver7 | November 6, 2022

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A two-day class was hosted by the Lakota Language Consortium at the Hyatt Hotel in Cherry Creek.

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DENVER — November is Native American Heritage Month, and the first weekend of the month coincided with a class in Denver aimed at preserving and protecting the Lakota language.

The two-day session was hosted by a nonprofit organization called the Lakota Language Consortium, which says Native American languages “in the United States are in the middle of a deadly crisis that has been unfolding for the last 400 years.”

The group reports that the last generation of first-language speakers is currently in their 70s and that the language has not been taught to the next generation since the 1950s. According to the Lakota Language Consortium, less than 100 of 500 Native Americans are still spoken. However, Lakota is one of only eight Native American languages with more than 5,000 speakers, meaning it’s in the top 5% of surviving languages.

“It’s the essence of our identity,” said the Deputy Director of the Lakota Language Consortium, Alex FireThunder. “The language is one of the ways that we connect with each other. It’s the way that our ancestors connected with each other. They spoke this language. They shared this language with the coming generations.”

FireThunder also worked as the instructor of the class held in Cherry Creek over the weekend. He said the sessions have been held across the country, wherever there is a desire or need.

“It’s a lifelong journey that I’m on, forever learning the Lakota language,” FireThunder said. “To me, it’s not about teaching. It’s more about sharing, it’s just sharing knowledge that was shared with me… If we don’t do that, the language doesn’t survive.”

One of the students in the class was Deanna Guerra, who has lived in Denver her whole life.

“When I was a young child, my mother was killed. I lost all connections to my relatives to my family,” Guerra said. “I’m on a journey for her.”

Guerra said in recent years, she has found family members who connected her with her heritage.

“It was so lost, and I just hope I can keep that fire going,” Guerra said. “Make my ancestors proud, make my mother and my daughter proud, and encourage my relatives and all the Native community to get our language back.”

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Group working to help preserve indigenous languages featured at National Congress of American Indians’ convention in Sacramento

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KCRA | November 2, 2022

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There’s an effort to save indigenous languages that are in danger of disappearing. The National Congress of American Indians’ annual convention is happening this week in Sacramento.

One of the groups with a booth is The Language Conservancy.

It has a new Lakota dictionary with more than 20,000 languages and phrases. They also have picture books and apps.

They say most people who speak these languages are older and they need kids and young adults to learn to keep the languages alive for future generations.

“Kids can just download a QR code, download the dictionary. They can hear the language, press the button. They say it’s like having grandma or grandpa in their pocket. They can just pull up the word they’ve been wanting to learn about and hear their grandma or grandpa or relative speak the language and help accelerate the learning.”

The conference goes until Thursday at the SAFE Credit Union Convention Center.

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