Category: 2013

The Lakota Summer Institute continues to blossom as the creative possibilities for language learning emerge.  This year, our attendance was over 100 for the first time.  Besides our regular curriculum of language study and second-language teaching method trainings, a linguistic conference for scholars in Siouan and Caddoan Languages took place at Sitting Bull College concurrent to LSI, and some visitors from western lands made a historic appearance as welcomed guests of the Lakota.

LLC Board member Kevin Locke has long hoped to promote the traditional sound of the Lakota flute as he learned it rather than the commercialized sound that became popular in the 1980s.  Last year Kevin met Richard Dubé, a Canadian flute-maker and respected music educator working with at-risk children in Canadian urban schools.  Locke saw children of all ethnicities making their own Native-style flutes using Dubé’s custom kits, and then in a very short time being able to play songs on the flutes. Locke and Dubé quickly established a collaboration that will supply Lakota classrooms with Dubé’s flute kits and a lesson book written by the two of them and published by LLC.

The flute kits and the lesson book were introduced at the 2013 LSI, to a class of eight Lakota language teachers and one Finnish linguist attending the Siouan-Caddoan conference.  Richard Dubé came down from Saskatchewan to teach the week-long course along with Locke.  All of the participants made three flutes, to build their confidence in teaching their own students how to do so.

The class was supported by a generous grant from the Puffin Foundation West, which also supported production of the Lakota-language play “Iktómi Wičhítegleǧa Siŋté Waŋ Úŋ” (Iktomi Wears A Raccoon Tail, or Iktomi’s Raccoon Hat)  at last year’s LSI.  We are deeply grateful to the Puffin Foundation West for its continuing interest in the work of the Lakota people to re-learn the language in ways that are fun for all generations.

“Songs of the Spirit: How to Play the Lakota Flute the Traditional Way” has been re-titled  Šiyótȟaŋka Yažópi!  Play the Lakota Flute! – A Traditional Indigenous Flute Curriculum and will be published by LLC in Spring 2014.  Kits for the traditional Lakota flute – based on a very old flute in Kevin Locke’s care – are made by Dubé’s company, Northern Spirit Flutes.

Two Plains tribes now have a common project – language revitalization.  Eight members of the Crow Nation came to LSI from Montana for an introduction to their own new Level 1 textbook – which is modeled on the Lakota K-12 curriculum created by LLC.  LSI Lakota instructor Junior Garcia, of the Native American Community Academy in Albuquerque, coached the teachers in the Total Physical Response second-language methods that have proved so effective in Lakota classrooms.  Dr. John Boyle, Executive Director of the Apsáalooke Language Curriculum Project for the Crow, called the LLC teaching methods “cutting edge,” and said that the LLC system coordinating textbooks, dictionary and teaching methodology creates “an incredible backbone” for teaching Native American languages.

Crow, Lakota and other Plains tribes have long shared a common sign language that allowed trade and culture to be shared peacefully across the Great Plains.  Dr. Lanny Real Bird (Hidatsa Crow) taught “Lakota-Plains Indian Sign Language” at LSI. This week-long class was filled with adults, elders and children, who learned nearly 200 hand-signals shared by Lakota, Dakota, Crow and other Plains tribes.  

The 33rd Annual Siouan-Caddoan Languages Conference met at Sitting Bull College on June 13-15, concurrent with LSI. This annual conference of linguistic scholars, teachers and students – specializing in Native American and Canadian languages such as Lakota-Dakota, Crow, Hidatsa and Mandan – moves around the Plains region for its meetings.  Last year the conference was in Kansas, the 2011 meeting was in Oklahoma, and next year’s meeting will be in Madison, Wisconsin. This year the association was persuaded to land in Fort Yates, in the thick of the Lakota language revitalization movement.

The opportunity for academic linguists to mix with native speakers, teachers and students was an unusual one.  Since the conference took place over a weekend as LSI took a break, LSI attendees packed the conference events, especially during presentations by LLC Board members.  Kevin Locke spoke on the literary tradition of Lakota song (“Wiíkižo olówaŋ”) and Ben Black Bear described how Lakota functions as a modern language (“Lakota Neologisms – Coining New Terms for the 21st Century”). Linguistic Director Jan Ullrich kept it linguistic with his talk, “Revisiting the Lakota Dative Affixes ki- and kiči-.”

UC-Berkeley student Simon Gertler had the summer of his life as an intern at the Lakota Summer Institute this year.  Simon’s environmental science studies turned into an enthusiasm for current issues in Native American cultures after one of his instructors suggested he contact LLC about coming out to help with LSI.

Simon first helped build the 2013 LSI web site, and then he dove into the realities of the Institute, helping with registration, serving meals and coffee, and the hundreds of little administrative tasks that put LSI together. Simon proved he is good at establishing relationships – always asking how he could help, talking to people and making solid friendships. Let Simon tell you just what this summer meant to him.

It’s hard for me to explain to people why my internship at the 2013 LSI was the most exciting thing I’ve ever done. Somehow “summer school in North Dakota” doesn’t exactly scream excitement, but there are so many things that made it the best summer ever.  The train ride from California, the bike ride from Minot, living for three weeks in the Prairie Knights Casino with its all-you-can-eat buffet, watching the sunset over the endless green prairie every night, seeing my first herd of buffalo, sitting through a sweat lodge, experiencing a powwow and the famous Lakota fry bread, hearing traditional Lakota drum songs, swimming in the Missouri river, erecting a buffalo hide tipi, among a list of many more, are some of the things I can use to support my case.

But what really made my experience were the people I met.  I could write novels about every character that I had the pleasure of getting to know, from Tiorahkwathe, the Mohawk elder, to John “Tȟáȟča” Vander Veer from Illinois.  Not only did each one touch me through their kindness and wisdom, but their passion and determination for the language created an electric atmosphere of inspiration and excitement that pervaded the classrooms at Sitting Bull College.  To attempt to provide a taste of this atmosphere, I will describe a few of the characters who reminded me every day that I was involved in something truly special.

I first met Wakinyan when I sat down at his table at the Prairie Knights Buffet. I normally wouldn’t sit down so readily next to a guy twice my size, with a ponytail and a t-shirt whose cut off sleeves displayed a fierce buffalo tattoo on his left bicep. However, he was sitting with two young ladies I had intended to share my meal with.

Sure, part of what impressed me so much about his interest in the language was that I didn’t expect it to come out of a guy that looked so tough. Regardless of my preconceptions, his commitment to the language is admirable.  Wakinyan can’t be much older than me, and is a single father of three.  He came to the LSI in preparation for his new job as a Lakota language teacher at a South Dakota high school.

Wakinyan’s passion for the language identified itself most strongly when he talked about the frustration he encounters while learning Lakota, when some elder fluent speakers accuse him of misusing the gender system and “speaking like a woman.”  Near the end of the program when his frustration had come to a climax, he drove to Bismarck to call his family and consult his dads about their use of the gender system. By “dads” he was referring to his dad, uncles, and father figures that in Lakota all share the same term.

I was moved by his investment in the language and the way it connected him to his family. Not only had his studies through the LSI directed him towards a positive career as a teacher, but through the language he had accessed another way to connect to his atkúku (father and paternal uncle).

Thipiwizin is a young Lakota woman who learned Lakota as a second language through some of the LSI and LLC’s programs.  She now teaches pre-school at the new immersion nest at Sitting Bull College, where she has the challenge of using only Lakota with her students—a tough task when she is still a student of the language herself.  In response to criticism by some Lakota speakers of the revitalization efforts she declared, “It’s my language too and I am going to learn it whether they like it or not.” That gave me goosebumps.  She and young people like her are pioneering the movement to reclaim a language that, against all odds, could not be destroyed.

I could describe countless more examples, like Philomine Lakota, an elder from Pine Ridge who has so much wisdom to share; the humility she brings to the classroom is humbling.  She proves her desire to save and spread her language through the eagerness with which she engages in the teaching methods classes and the patience with which she teaches.

And there is Duta, a young man from Standing Rock who recently graduated from Cornell and now co-runs a charter school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he is developing the Lakota language program.  Or there is Laura, a young Lakota woman who is a beautician in Rapid City and travelled with her young daughter up to Sitting Bull for the LSI to continue her studies in the language and share it with her daughter. Uŋčí (Grandmother) Delores, a Lakota elder, swears as she gets older that every year is her last at the LSI, but she comes back each summer to devote three weeks to a vision that she so firmly believes in—the salvation of her language.

The list goes on, but I hope that these snippets of my experience can share some of the light that shined from Standing Rock this June. The LSI was not without kinks or disagreement, but the passion and progress that blossomed during the three weeks is undeniable and left me with a sense of hope and inspiration.  I would not have traded the experience to be anywhere else this summer, whether camping or getting paid somewhere, because no matter how big my paycheck, I wouldn’t have left as rich as I did from the LSI.

The LSI shut its doors June 21, but LLC had lots more to get done.  From June 24-27, six Lakota fluent speakers joined LLC staff at Makoché Studios in Bismarck, to record 20,000 Lakota words for the New Lakota Dictionary-Online.  This audio component of the NLD-O, which will allow users to hear a Lakota word spoken correctly as they call it up, is the final element of the NLD-O and has taken years to come to fruition.

The speakers were Ken and Bernadine Little Thunder, Iris Eagle Chasing, Manny Iron Hawk, Ben Black Bear and Kevin Locke. The LLC team included Linguistic Director Jan Ullrich as Project Manager, assisted by linguists Armik Mirzayan and Nacole Walker.

The staff at Makoché set up three recording areas so that three speakers at a time could record simultaneously. The grueling eight-hour days yielded nearly 100 hours of audio, documenting both male and female voices speaking all 20,000 Lakota words.

Jan Ullrich had already spent weeks beforehand preparing printouts of the 20,000 words – and even now the work is not done.  Now Ullrich, Mirzayan and the NLD-O programmer Konstantine Chmielnicki will spend about three months separating the 100 hours of audio into individual audio files for each word, “clean” the sound quality, select the best spoken version of each word, and connect the audio files to the online text database so that a word search will bring up the audio file along with the written word.

The recording project has been supported by grants from the Endangered Language Fund and the North Dakota Humanities Council, and by an online fundraising campaign that raised $2,500.00 from individuals around the world.

The film crew working on the documentary film Rising Voices/ Hótȟaŋiŋpi made two visits to Lakota Country this June and came away with what they called outstanding results. In their first visit, they recorded scenes and interviews with participating families and staff at the Sitting Bull College Language Immersion Nest. The personal stories of those creating and sustaining the Nest have become central to the film as it is taking shape under the direction of Lawrence Hott, principal of Florentine Films/Hott Productions.  

The second shoot took place at Makoché Studios in Bismarck, as the LLC staff team and fluent Lakota speakers recorded thousands of Lakota words for the New Lakota Dictionary-Online’s audio project.  These two production weeks were supported by grants from the Administration for Native Americans, the National Endowment for the Humanities and Vision Maker Media (formerly Native American Public Telecommunications, Inc.).

There is more great news afoot for Rising Voices/ Hótȟaŋiŋpi!  Our application to the National Endowment for the Humanities for a large production grant was successful!  The whole production is now close to being fully funded, and the film’s future for public television broadcast and availability to a worldwide audience is much brighter. There is much more to come for Rising Voices/ Hótȟaŋiŋpi.  Watch these newsletters for further updates.